An estimated 3.9 lakh unskilled migrants with ECR (Emigration Check Required) passports left India in 2017. In 2011, this number was almost double at around 6.4 lakh.
Asian Economic Integration Report 2018, Asian Development Bank
As per the Emigration Act, 1983, Emigration Check Required (ECR) categories of Indian passport holders, require to obtain "Emigration Clearance" from the office of Protector of Emigrants (POE), Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs for going to following 18 countries.